电池护照进入准备期：采购电动车与储能电池时，买家需要提前收集哪71项数据？
电池护照的难点不是最后生成一个二维码，而是供应链能不能提前收集、维护并持续更新电池背后的数据。
欧盟委员会在2026年8月发布了更新后的数字电池护照准备指引，将不同电池类别可能涉及的信息整理为71个数据点。
从2027年2月18日起，每个电动汽车电池、轻型交通工具电池，以及容量超过2 kWh的工业电池，在满足适用条件时需要配备电池护照。
对海外采购商来说，现在最值得做的不是等法规生效，而是先确认供应商有没有能力提供这些信息。
71个数据点意味着什么？
这些数据并不是71项都对所有电池完全相同。欧委会的指引会区分：
- 强制数据；
- 可选数据；
- 只在特定条件下适用的数据；
- 暂时不需要填写或显示的数据。
因此，采购团队不应该简单发给供应商一个“71项全部填写”的Excel，而应该先确认电池类别和适用要求。
买家应该重点关注哪些数据组？
| 数据组 | 采购时要问什么 |
|---|---|
| Battery Identity | 型号、类别、唯一标识是否清楚 |
| Manufacturer | 谁制造、谁对数据负责 |
| Materials | 关键材料和组成能否追溯 |
| Carbon | 是否涉及碳足迹数据 |
| Performance | 容量、性能、寿命等指标是否可提供 |
| Compliance | 合规和测试信息是否完整 |
| Circularity | 回收、再利用相关信息是否可获得 |
| Data Access | 数据由谁维护、谁可以访问 |
为什么要在供应商筛选阶段就问？
如果采购团队在产品已经定型、订单已经确认后才发现供应商缺少关键数据，后续补数据可能非常麻烦。
部分信息可能来自：
- 电芯厂；
- 电池包制造商；
- 材料供应商；
- 测试机构；
- 回收或生命周期数据系统。
也就是说，一个电池包厂不一定天然掌握所有数据。
因此采购团队可以在RFQ里加入：
- Battery Passport readiness；
- Data owner；
- Required data availability；
- Update frequency；
- Supplier data sharing responsibility。
对海外采购商意味着什么？
采购团队可以把电池护照准备度分成三档：
Ready
已经有结构化数据系统，可以说明数据来源和维护责任。
Partially Ready
可以提供核心数据，但部分数据仍依赖上游补充。
Not Ready
只有产品规格书和测试报告，没有明确的数据收集机制。
“产品能做出来”和“产品数据能进入欧盟数字护照体系”正在成为两项不同的供应能力。
适用边界
并不是所有电池都适用完全相同的护照要求。具体范围取决于电池类别、容量、用途及法规条款。
欧委会也明确说明其准备指引用于帮助行业理解和准备，并不额外增加法律义务，也不等同于最终法律解释。
FAQ
71个数据点是不是全部公开给消费者？
不一定。不同数据可能有不同访问权限和适用要求。
中国供应商现在就必须完成电池护照吗？
法规要求从2027年2月开始适用于相应类别，但现在已经适合开始准备数据。
买家现在最应该问供应商什么？
先问“这些数据谁负责收集、现在已经有多少、缺失数据来自哪一级供应商”。
数字电池护照真正考验的是数据协作，而不是最后的二维码展示。
海外买家越早把电池护照数据要求放进RFQ，越能减少产品定型之后才发现数据缺口的风险。
stellar.shop内容承接建议
stellar.shop可为电池与储能相关供应商增加Battery Passport Readiness、Battery Category、Data Availability、Traceability Support等字段，帮助海外买家快速判断供应商是否适合欧盟项目。
参考来源
The main challenge of a battery passport is not generating a QR code at the end. The challenge is whether the supply chain can collect, maintain, and continuously update the data behind the battery.
In August 2026, the European Commission published updated guidance for preparing digital battery passports. It organizes the information that may apply to different battery categories into 71 data points.
From 18 February 2027, each electric-vehicle battery, light-means-of-transport battery, and industrial battery with a capacity above 2 kWh will need a battery passport when the applicable conditions are met.
For overseas buyers, the best step now is not to wait for the rules to take effect. Buyers should first confirm whether suppliers can provide the required information.
What do the 71 data points mean?
The same 71 items do not apply to every battery in exactly the same way. The Commission's guidance distinguishes between mandatory data, optional data, data that applies only under certain conditions, and data that does not yet need to be completed or displayed.
Procurement teams should not simply send suppliers a spreadsheet and ask them to fill in all 71 items. They should first confirm the battery category and the requirements that apply.
Which data groups should buyers focus on?
| Data group | What to ask during procurement |
|---|---|
| Battery Identity | Are the model, category, and unique identifier clear? |
| Manufacturer | Who manufactures the battery, and who is responsible for the data? |
| Materials | Can key materials and composition be traced? |
| Carbon | Is carbon-footprint data required and available? |
| Performance | Can capacity, performance, service life, and related indicators be provided? |
| Compliance | Are compliance and test records complete? |
| Circularity | Is recycling and reuse information available? |
| Data Access | Who maintains the data, and who can access it? |
Why ask during supplier screening?
If a procurement team discovers missing data only after the product design and order are confirmed, filling the gaps can be difficult. Some information may come from cell manufacturers, battery-pack manufacturers, material suppliers, testing bodies, or recycling and lifecycle-data systems. A battery-pack supplier may not automatically control every required data point.
Procurement teams can therefore add the following items to the RFQ: Battery Passport readiness, data owner, required data availability, update frequency, and supplier data-sharing responsibility.
What does this mean for overseas buyers?
Buyers can classify battery-passport readiness into three levels.
Ready
The supplier has a structured data system and can explain the source of the data and who maintains it.
Partially Ready
The supplier can provide core data, but some information still depends on upstream partners.
Not Ready
The supplier has only product specifications and test reports, without a defined data-collection process.
Being able to manufacture a product and being able to place its data in the EU digital battery-passport system are becoming two different supplier capabilities.
Scope and limits
Not every battery is subject to exactly the same passport requirements. The scope depends on battery category, capacity, use, and the relevant legal provisions.
The Commission also states that its preparation guidance helps industry understand and prepare for the rules. It does not create extra legal obligations and is not a final legal interpretation.
FAQ
Are all 71 data points public to consumers?
Not necessarily. Different data may have different access rights and applicability rules.
Must Chinese suppliers complete battery passports now?
The requirements apply to the relevant categories from February 2027, but suppliers should start preparing the data now.
What should buyers ask first?
Ask who is responsible for collecting the data, how much is already available, and which missing items depend on which upstream supplier.
A digital battery passport tests data collaboration, not only the final QR-code display.
The earlier an overseas buyer includes battery-passport data requirements in the RFQ, the lower the risk of finding major data gaps after the product has been finalized.
Recommendation for stellar.shop
stellar.shop can add fields such as Battery Passport Readiness, Battery Category, Data Availability, and Traceability Support for battery and energy-storage suppliers. These fields would help overseas buyers quickly judge whether a supplier is suitable for EU projects.